Persistent identifiers (ISBN, DOI, ORCID, etc.)

Persistent identifiers (PIDs) are long-lasting references to digital objects of various types. An identifier is generally any label used to name an object uniquely.

What are persistent identifiers?

Why use persistent identifiers?

Types of persistent identifiers

Persistent identifiers for objects

Publications, data and software

Persistent identifiers for people

ORCiD, arXiv Author Identifiers, ResearcherID, etc.

Persistent identifiers for grants

(research awards)

Persistent identifiers for organizations

ROR, ISNI, etc.

How to get persistent identifiers

DOI

Digital Object Identifier

ORCID

Open Researcher and Contributor ID

ISBN or ISSN

International Standard Book Number or International Standard Serial Number